Tips For Using a Custom Writing Centre

Tips For Using a Custom Writing CentreIf you are looking for a reliable and professional source of custom writing for weddings, or any other event, you should consider visiting a custom writing centre. Professional custom writing services will provide you with custom lettering and scripts for whatever purpose. The following are tips to help you find the right custom writing service.The first step is to make an online search using keywords that relate to custom writing. A top ranking search will bring up a list of custom writing centres across the country. Take note of the name of the state the custom writing centre is located in, as well as the name of the city or town where the centre is based.Once you have this information you can call the customer service line of the service provider. Most providers offer customer service during business hours to deal with calls. You may also want to make sure the centre has a chat form where you can leave questions and get answers to your queries . These chat forms will allow you to voice out your concerns and get fast feedback.Don't hesitate to ask about services, prices, delivery time frames, and even to do a trial run with the services you have chosen. Talk to representatives, clients, and even current clients to get a feel for how the centre functions. Listen to how they speak and try to get a feel for their personality. Make notes on what you find interesting.When visiting a custom writing centre make a list of everything you need for the event. Go through each item, determine if it is compatible, and if it is do some minor alterations to make it more acceptable. Do some minor touch ups on the top priority items. Sometimes getting a little extra work done can be a big blessing.Write a brief report on what your client needs to write. It's also good to outline your client's goals for the event and help them plan accordingly. Read over the report, and if there is something you don't understand ask the staff members for cla rification. Pay attention to how well you understand the paperwork, so you know how to fill in the blanks.Decide what type of material you want your clients to write on. Some clients want to write on handmade wedding invitations or scrapbooking pages while others prefer to have an elegant script used on stationary. Always remember to check with the custom writing centre's rules before writing anything down.After visiting a custom writing centre, you will be able to use the information to write a successful paper. If you follow the above advice you will be able to create the perfect paper without wasting precious time. You can also use the paper to give you a leg up on your competition.

Honor Based Violence And Domestic Violence - 909 Words

Honor based violence and domestic violence are two common forms of violence that exist in our world today, and they have for many years (Devaney, 2014; Hague, Gill, Begikhani, 2013; Olwan, 2013). Honor based violence covers a wide variety of violent acts performed by a male relative that are done in order to preserve family honor (Eshareturi, Lyle, Morgan, 2014), and this type of violence is associated most often with Middle Eastern nations (Belfrage, Strand, Ekman, Hasselborg, 2012; Olwan, 2013; Standish, 2014). Domestic violence is an umbrella term for a variety of actions such as rape, as well as assaults of both the physical and verbal varieties (Policastro, Payne, 2013). While the rationale and execution of each of these types of violence varies (Chesler, 2010; Eshareturi et al., 2014), there are underlying similarities that exist among both. In both instances of honor based violence and domestic violence, victims can be seen as losing power and control within their own lives, which can be noted in the ways that one can lose their honor, including: conforming too much to Western cultures, having relationships with people outside of your own culture, or leaving a man who treats you as an object (Chester, 2010; Eshareturi et al., 2014; Standish, 2014). Women who are victims of honor based violence lose the opportunity to live their lives freely due to honor disrupting behaviors (Chester, 2010; Eshareturi et al., 2014; Standish, 2014). In comparison, within cases ofShow MoreRelatedSocial Media Contributions Against Gender Based Violence1400 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Web: Social Media Contributions Against Gender-Based Violence in Turkey Ozgecan Aslan lost her life while taking the bus home when the bus driver â€Å"allegedly bludgeoned her with a crowbar, stabbed her to death, and cut off her hands to hide the evidence† (Khazan 2015, 1) because she resisted rape. According to a UNICEF report, â€Å"globally, women aged between fifteen and forty-four are more likely to be injured or die as a result of male violence than through cancer, traffic accidents, malaria andRead MoreDomestic Violence on Women in Society1730 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence on Women and girls in Society Tabinda Asghar Dow Institute of Nursing Abstract Violence alongside women and girls is a sign of previously uneven authority relations among men and women, which have led to command over and unfairness against women by men and to the avoidance of the full progression of women. These types of terrible actions against women and girls continues to be a global epidemic that kills, tortures, and wound- physically, psychologically, sexually and economicallyRead MoreAnalysis Of Ayaan Hirsi Ali Speaks Of Honor Killings And Forced Marriages1519 Words   |  7 PagesAyaan Hirsi Ali speaks of honor killings and forced marriages in Middle Eastern society in the The AHA Foundation 2nd Annual Conference. She begins with describing her personal situation when she was younger; her arranged marriage to a relative and then her escape to the Netherlands at the age of twenty-two in an effort to avoid this marriage where she was met with an entirely different culture where the pressure of the honor of the family was not forced upon females by both fem ale and male partiesRead MoreViolence Against Women s Violence1553 Words   |  7 Pages Violence Against Women by Ines Alvarez Mrs. Madrell English 4, Honors, Period 6 Miami Coral Park Senior High School March 18,2016 Mrs. Madrell English 4, Honors, Period 6 Miami Coral Park Senior High School March 18,2016 Violence Against Women Women have been and continue to be victims of violence in all of its faces. The purpose of this research is to explore the many ways in which women are abused and mistreated, focusing on the effects that violence causes to the victimsRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence On Women s Violence1735 Words   |  7 Pages Effects of Violence against Women According to Violence Type by Ines Alvarez Mrs. Madrell English 4, Honors, Period 6 Miami Coral Park Senior High School March 18,2016 Mrs. Madrell English 4, Honors, Period 6 Miami Coral Park Senior High School March 18,2016 Violence against Women Women have been and continue to be victims of violence in all of its faces. The purpose of this research is to explore the many ways in which women are abused and mistreated, focusing on theRead MoreWhy I Am Against Of Arranged Marriages925 Words   |  4 Pagesbasis of marriage does not exist and turns into a lie. This is what happens in arranged marriages where parents choose a partner for their children based on their own desires. I strongly believe these marriages lack of essential components for their success like freedom to choose, love, privacy, and independence that is a trigger for domestic violence. The first reason why I am against of arranged marriages is the lack of freedom to choose. This unfair custom, frequently practiced in some countriesRead MoreThe District Attorney s Office973 Words   |  4 PagesAttorney’s office has remained the office responsible for all criminal prosecutions, investigations of all major cases and maintenance of the Laboratory of Criminalistics. The District Attorney s Office has three locations; the central location is based in San Jose. There is an office located in Morgan Hill, otherwise known as South County, and an office in Palo Alto for the residents in the north county. â€Å"The Santa Clara County District Attorney s Office is the largest prosecuting agency in NorthernRead MoreSocial Norms Of Harsher Punishments954 Words   |  4 PagesBiological Perspective Some factors which may contribute to honor killings stem from biology, specifically from evolutionary drives. One such drive is sexual selection. According to Charles Darwin, animals—including humans—sometimes choose their mates based on certain traits which they find more attractive. In human males, attractive physical traits include tallness and masculinity. Psychological traits may include sexual aggressiveness. This aggressiveness is therefore more likely to be passed downRead MoreHonour Killing1120 Words   |  5 PagesHONOR KILLING | | What is Honour Killing? * An honour killing (also called a customary killing) happens when a person is murdered by a family member out of the belief or suspicion that the victim has brought shame to the family, clan or community.Murdering the person is believed to salvage the family’s honour. * An honor killing or honour killing(also called a customary killing) is the killing of a member of a family or social group by other members, due to the belief of the perpetratorsRead MoreWomen s Rights And Empowerment1422 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Name of Honor She was a young girl with a powerful voice. Her story is one of bravery and defiance. With the help of her father, she became an important activist for the free education of women not only in Pakistan, but throughout the world. As many people encouraged her movement, she became nominated for several renowned peace prizes, and also became a target for the Taliban. One day on the way home from school she was cornered on a bus and shot in the head by a Taliban member. Yet her life

Challenges For Schools As They Focus on Writing Essay Sample Tests

Challenges For Schools As They Focus on Writing Essay Sample TestsThis year has seen an increase in demand for online essays, with many schools and colleges focusing on increasing their output from online essays to help raise their status in the international scene. With this increased interest, however, come some challenges for schools and colleges and the way they are going about it.First, though, many students are finding that the current paper writing format does not quite fit in with what they are expecting from their English Essay sample tests. Instead of being meant to be a serious and engaging assessment of student knowledge and ability, in many cases they are feeling more like a technical exercise than a chance to be creative.In many cases, even those that come off well on a test, do not work well in a writing situation as a critical thinker. They are often used as a stepping stone to get to the more difficult topics on which they need to research. So while the higher level of the writing is more significant, the selection process may take them to areas that they have not thought to look up before.Another challenge for schools is how to best present these essays to potential students that will be taking the test. Many schools are still using paper-type formats that were made for traditional format essay tests - particularly due to their familiarity and comfort.In order to maintain relevance, the essay samples should be changing and evolving to suit the needs of students in this age. There needs to be more online writing format to supplement the various essay formats that are available. And in order to provide their students the opportunity to be creative, creative essays are needed.Moreover, the writing style should be flexible enough to be able to meet the needs of both students and teachers alike. Most schools find it difficult to customize their essays to meet the specific needs of the students, so even though the essays are designed to be challengi ng and enjoyable, it's difficult to ensure that they don't become boring or repetitive.It is also important to understand that the online essay test and writing samples for this year will be much different from those that were used for the past, but this doesn't mean that they can't be used to provide a great educational opportunity. Students need to have the support that they need to help them be comfortable in the type of writing environment that they will be working in.

Alfred Wallace Free Essays

The scientific understanding of life has been shaped with the guidance of intellectual breakthroughs in history. One of these breakthroughs Is Alfred Russell Wallace (1823-1913), a British naturalist born in Monotheistic, England who gained a reputation of greatness upon exploration of Malay Archipelago. Unlike other great Intellects Like Charles Darwin, Wallace had dropped his formal schooling at the age of fourteen to start providing for his family as a carpenter. We will write a custom essay sample on Alfred Wallace or any similar topic only for you Order Now Later In life Wallace acquires a job at the Collegiate school of Leister teaching, and it is here that he tests Henry Walter Bates, a naturalist who sparks Wallach’s interest in nature. Alfred Russell Wallace is known to have advocate the the theory of intelligent evolution and co-discover natural selection alongside Charles Dawn. This theory suggests that evolution is purely built for utility and only occurs when changes are necessary for survival and purposeful. Wallace writes a letter to Darwin stating his theory, and clearly impacts him to write â€Å"Origin of Species†. Wallace becomes a spiritualist In 1860 and began to believe In theology. Wallach’s new beliefs lead him to reject scientific explanations of human Intelligence and Instead believe that teleology was the cause of evolution. The theory of intelligent evolution was widely accepted alongside Drawing’s by the science community up until Wallach’s belief of spirituality developed. Although the theories of Darwin and Wallace are very similar, and were even viewed as the same in Darning’s eyes, the difference between the two is that Darwin wasn’t afraid to publish his and Wallace was. Public opinion of unorthodox theories of evolution at the time were very harsh and close-minded, but publication of these risky theories gave the public an opportunity to open up to modern thinking. The Intelligent mind of Alfred Wallace had been opened up to naturalism through the readings of numerous Influential works. Controversial academic publishing Like â€Å"Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation† and â€Å"Constitution of Man† by George Combo suggested to the public that the environment around man is responsible for hang. More readings such as Charles Lye’s Principles of Geology helped Wallace realize that mankind had the potential to change, thus sparking his curiosity and drive to understanding. Alfred Wallace By radicand breakthroughs in history. One of these breakthroughs is Alfred Russell Wallace reputation of greatness upon exploration of Malay Archipelago. Unlike other great intellects like Charles Darwin, Wallace had dropped his formal schooling at the age of fourteen to start providing for his family as a carpenter. Later in life Wallace acquires a Job at the Collegiate school of Leister teaching, and it is here that he spiritualist in 1860 and began to believe in theology. Wallach’s new beliefs lead him to reject scientific explanations of human intelligence and instead believe that The intelligent mind of Alfred Wallace had been opened up to naturalism through the readings of numerous influential works. Controversial academic publishing like Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation† and â€Å"Constitution of Man† by George How to cite Alfred Wallace, Papers

Young Good Man Brown Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Young Good Man Brown Essay, Research Paper Meredith Chafin English 181 12A September 25, 2000 Internal Conflict of Goodman Brown The narrative of # 8220 ; Young Goodman Brown # 8221 ; exemplifies the battle of one adult male # 8217 ; s internal struggle of good and evil. The chief character, Goodman Brown, leaves Salem small town and his married woman, Faith, to go into the deepnesss of the dark wood. The Young Goodman Brown will be aged with the cognition he faces in this one dark. Brown keeps his assignment with the Satan in the wood, and he must take to travel back to his # 8220 ; religion, # 8221 ; or research the immoralities that the Satan has to offer. Next, Brown is confronted with the virtuous people who live in his community, who will be go toing the enchantress # 8217 ; s run intoing with the Satan. He has to make up ones mind if he will follow them along this way. Brown struggles to see if his married woman is at the enchantress # 8217 ; s meeting, as he stands at the border of the forest observation everyone he knows idolizing the Satan. We will write a custom essay sample on Young Good Man Brown Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He must take whether he will set his moral standings and fall in his group, or maintain his original ethical motives. He is led by Faith into this state of affairs of immorality. He and Faith are brought to the communion table before the Satan to be baptized into Brown # 8217 ; s self- created snake pit, a universe of secrets in the human psyche. Brown must take to either look up to heaven and hold faith in God, or doubt his ain spiritualty and follow others into snake pit. Goodman Brown leaves his married woman, Faith, and Salem small town in the daylight to maintain his assignment with the Satan, and he ventures into the wood without his # 8220 ; faith. # 8221 ; This is a minute of unreason because he leaves his married woman, place, and security to take a unsafe and unknown way. He doesn # 8217 ; t want Faith to happen out the evil purpose of his errand because he says, # 8220 ; she # 8217 ; s a blest angel on Earth ; and after this one dark I # 8217 ; ll cleaving to her skirts and follow her to heaven # 8221 ; ( Hawthorne 311 ) . Brown believes that he can depend on his married woman # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; faith # 8221 ; to salvage him, so it won # 8217 ; t affair if he leaves his ain at place because it will be waiting for him. Brown meets the Satan along a crooked way, and the Satan asks why he is late ; Brown answers, # 8220 ; Faith kept me back awhile # 8221 ; ( 311 ) . The # 8220 ; faith # 8221 ; Brown has left behind is non merely his married woman, but besides his actual religion to fulfill his firing human wonder. Brown shows his desire to interrupt loose from his normal life by run intoing Satan, the spawn of all rebellion, in the wood. Brown tries to contend the evil interior of him to state the Satan he must travel back to his religion, and the devil convinces him that they will walk the crooked way and ground as they go. The Satan says, # 8220 ; and if I convince thee non thou shalt turn back. We are but small in the wood yet # 8221 ; ( 312 ) . As they venture further into the forest the Satan tries to deprive Brown of his religion, but he realizes this and stops to cry, # 8220 ; Too far! Too far! # 8221 ; ( 312 ) . Brown argues the good Christian background of his male parent and gramps would neer walk upon this crooked way with the Satan by their side. The way that Brown is on causes him to chance with his psyche under the suggestions of the Satan, and he knows he must take to either turn over the dies or turn around and travel place. The Satan is prepared for such opposition and refutes Brown # 8217 ; s declaration of his ascendants by stating, # 8220 ; They were my good friends, both ; and many a pleasant walk have we had along this way, and returned happily after midnight. I would fain be friends with you for their interest # 8221 ; ( 312 ) . The Satan is stating Brown that all work forces have a basic immorality and an attractive force to annoy worship, even the so- called # 8220 ; virtuous # 8221 ; people he knows. Brown makes the pick to follow his virtuous ideas and halt his understanding with the Satan. He tells the Satan the ground he can # 8217 ; T is because of religion # 8220 ; [ i ] T would interrupt her beloved small bosom and I # 8217 ; d instead interrupt my ain # 8221 ; ( 313 ) . Brown will literally interrupt his religion if he continues on the way of understanding the immoralities of the human status. The devil attempts to do him see that immorali ty is the evident nature of his family and human sort as a whole. Brown doesn # 8217 ; t see clearly because without # 8220 ; faith # 8221 ; all human sort is unsighted to Acts of the Apostless of immorality. Goodman Brown # 8217 ; s assurance is shaken when he sees Goody Cloyse, an old adult female who taught him his catechism, converse with the Satan about the enchantress # 8217 ; s meeting that she will go to. The devil convinces Brown to travel farther into the wood because he sees Brown is oppugning his beliefs from the daze he merely suffered. Brown stops once more, he tells the Satan # 8220 ; my head is made up. Not another measure will I stir on this errand. What if a deplorable old adult female do take to travel to the Satan when I thought she was traveling to heaven: is it any ground why I should discontinue my beloved Faith and travel after her? # 8221 ; ( 314 ) . Brown asks this rhetorical inquiry, but in a sense he really wants person to do this determination for him. While Brown sits in the wood entirely he congratulates himself for taking his thought of good, and he believes his conflict with evil to be over. Deacon Gookin and Brown # 8217 ; s curate drive through the way, and Brown overhears that they # 8217 ; re traveling to the enchantress # 8217 ; s meeting. Brown watched them as # 8220 ; they passed on through the wood, where no church had of all time been gathered or lone Christian prayed # 8221 ; ( 315 ) . Brown has witnessed the people he admires turning off from God and encompassing immorality, and he finds the power of their illustration to be undeniable. Brown sits â€Å"faint and overburdened with the heavy illness of his bosom, † in the wood where the moral rovings of his unusual brushs have taken topographic point ( 315 ) . Brown gazes at the sky and admirations if there is a Eden and he cries, â€Å"with heaven above and Faith below, I will yet stand house against the devil† ( 315 ) . He realizes that he has nowhere to conceal from the persuasive influence of immorality, non even sitting by himself with his ain ideas. A black cloud of uncertainty literally sweeps over Brown and he hears his ain townsfolk, sanctum and wretched, at the devil’s Communion tabular array along with his wife’s voice. He shouts, â€Å"Faith, † and her pink thread she wears in her hair wavers down into his custodies, which makes him believe she is in the wood ( 315 ) . The dark cloud stand foring his indecisiveness vanishes along with Brown’s declaration of good and he cries, à ¢â‚¬Å"My Faith is gone! † while he clutches the thread ( 315 ) . â€Å"There is no good on Earth ; and wickedness is but a name. Come, Satan ; for to thee is the universe given, † Brown calls frantically as he runs in the bosom of the dark wilderness ( 315 ) . The bosom of Goodman Brown has become a dark wood as he runs after the Satan. He gives into the force per unit area and is led astray by the voice of Faith. He runs towards the immorality more like a Satan, than like a adult male at all. Brown stops running one time he spies an unfastened field # 8220 ; hemmed in by the dark wall of the forest, arose a stone, bearing some rude, natural resemblance either to an communion table or a dais, and surrounded by four blaze pines, their tops aflame, their roots untouched, like tapers at an flushing meeting # 8221 ; ( 316 ) . The field resembles the ideal snake pit, and Brown is standing at the Gatess make up ones minding whether or non to come in. The fire represents his intense emotions and feelings because he is surrounded by wickedness, and this to a great extent influences him. He looks around the fire and sees the pious and unhallowed associating with each other, and # 8220 ; [ i ] T was unusual to that the good shrank non from the wicked, nor were the evildoers abashed by the saints # 8221 ; ( 316 ) . Brown continues to look for his married woman, Faith, when the Satan appears to name away the converts. Brown comes out from concealing behind the shadow of the trees and approaches the fold # 8220 ; with whom he felt a loathful brotherhood by the understanding of all that was wicked in his bosom # 8221 ; ( 317 ) . Brown knows he shouldn # 8217 ; t fall in the fold, but he feels a affinity with them. The heat of the fire is familiar association, opposed to the coldness of his isolation in the wood. Brown thinks he sees his ain male parent promoting him into the immoralities of manhood. Brown besides sees a figure resembling his female parent who # 8220 ; threw out her manus to warn him back # 8221 ; because she wants him to remain a kid who is na? ve of the being of immorality and wickedness ( 317 ) . Brown saw them, # 8220 ; [ b ] ut he had no power to withdraw one measure, nor to defy, even in idea, # 8221 ; and he is led to the communion table ( 317 ) . The Satan shows Brown his married woman, Faith, standing before him and he says, # 8220 ; [ d ] epending upon one another # 8217 ; s Black Marias, ye had still hoped that virtuousness were non all a dream. Now are ye disabused. Evil is the nature of world. Evil must be your lone felicity # 8221 ; ( 318 ) . The Satan is stating them that virtuousness, or good, is merely a dream, and immorality is the world of world. The devil prepares to baptise them into this world of evil together, and Brown realizes that he will see the evil nature of his pure Faith. He shudders at the mere idea of Faith being able to see that he contains evil and secret workss. Brown so cries to her, # 8220 ; look up to heaven, and defy the wicked one # 8221 ; ( 318 ) . Brown makes his concluding determination to non look upon the immoralities in himself or anyone else when he looks up at the sky, but # 8220 ; [ w ] hether or Faith obeyed he knew non # 8221 ; ( 318 ) . Brown wakes up in the wood and returns to Salem # 8220 ; a baffled adult male, # 8221 ; and he shrinks off from everyone that he passes, including his married woman, Faith ( 318 ) . Brown knows the whole experience was a dream, but # 8220 ; it was a dream of evil portents for Young Goodman Brown # 8221 ; ( 319 ) . He lost his religion in other people every bit good as in himself, and he can # 8217 ; t expression at anyone the same manner. He has become a human incarnation of uncertainty because he refused to look at immorality, and he is left with a moral uncertainness that is much worse than the existent immorality itself. He isolates himself from everyone, including his married woman, and # 8220 ; [ a ] after part, a sad, a darkly meditative, a distrustful if non despairing adult male did he go from the dark of that fearful dream # 8221 ; ( 319 ) . He has lost religion in both senses of the word, and # 8220 ; he shrank from the bosom of Faith # 8221 ; ( 319 ) . He shrinks from his ain spiritualty because he knows he has been required to confront and admit the immorality in himself and others, and that frightens him more than anything else. His inability to justice between good and evil besides prevents him from snuggling or accepting # 8220 ; religion, # 8221 ; and interacting with the other townsfolk. He lived a long suffering life and died with # 8220 ; no hopeful poetry upon his gravestone, for his deceasing hr was somberness # 8221 ; ( 319 ) . His decease was somberness because he didn # 8217 ; T know where he was traveling to stop up, above or below his deathbed. Brown # 8217 ; s moral and societal isolation is the worst possible immorality that a adult male can of all time hold happen to him. If he would hold looked at the immoralities in world, he could # 8217 ; ve recognized the good in people. That was the full purpose of the dream, but he failed the trial miserably.

Effective Book Review Writing Tips

Effective Book Review Writing Tips There are fundamental differences among the various kinds of scientific books. What should be covered in an effective book review. Monographs. We can define a monograph as a specialized book written for a specialized audience. Therefore, the reviewer of a monograph has one paramount obligation: to describe for potential readers exactly what is in the book. What, precisely, is the subject of the book, and what are the outside limits of the material covered? If the monograph has a number of subjects, perhaps each with a different author, each subject should be treated individually. The good book review, of course, will mirror the quality of the book; the pedestrian material will be passed over quickly, and the significant contributions will be given weightier discussion. The quality of the writing, with rare exceptions, will not need comment. It is the information in the monograph that is important to its audience. Highly technical language and even some jargon are to be expected. Reference Books. The subject of a reference book is likely to be much broader than that of a monograph. Still, it is important for the reviewer to define in appropriate detail the content of the book. Unlike the monograph, which may contain many opinions and other subjective material, the reference book contains facts. Therefore, the prime responsibility of the book reviewer is to determine, however possible, the accuracy of the material in the reference book. Any professional librarian will tell you that an inaccurate reference book is worse than none at all. Textbooks. In reviewing a textbook, the reviewer has a different set of considerations. Unlike the language in a monograph, that in a textbook must be nontechnical and jargon must be avoided. The reader will be a student, not a peer of the scientist who wrote the book. Technical terms will be used, of course, but each should be carefully defined at first use. Unlike in the reference book, accuracy is not of crucial importance. An inaccurate number or word here and there is not crucial as long as the message gets through. The function of the book reviewer, then, is to determine whether the subject of the text is treated clearly, in a way that is likely to enable students to grasp and to appreciate the knowledge presented. The textbook reviewer has one additional responsibility. If other texts on the same subject exist, which is usually the case, the reviewer should provide appropriate comparisons. A new textbook might be good based on its own evident merits; however, if it is not as g ood as existing texts, it is useless. Trade Books. Again, the reviewer has different responsibilities. The reader of a trade book may be a general reader, not a scientist or a student of the sciences. Therefore, the language must be nontechnical. Furthermore, unlike any of the other scientific books, a trade book must be interesting. Trade books are bought as much for entertainment as they are for education. Facts may be important, but a boring effusion of facts would be out of place. Scientific precepts are sometimes difficult for the layperson to comprehend. The scientist writing for this market must always keep this point in mind, and the reviewer of a trade book must do so also. If a somewhat imprecise, nontechnical term must replace a precise, technical term, so be it. The reviewer may wince from time to time, but a book that succeeds in fairly presenting scientific concepts to the general public should not be faulted because of an occasional imprecision. Finally, with trade books (as with other scientific books, for that matter), the reviewer should try to define the audience. Can any literate person read and understand the book, or is some level of scientific competency necessary? If a reviewer has done the job well, a potential reader will know whether or not to read the book under consideration, and why. Imprint Information. At the top of a book review, the reviewer should list complete imprint information. The usual order is as follows: title of the book, edition (if other than the first), name of author(s) or editor(s), publisher, place (city in which the publisher is located), year of publication, number of pages, and list price of the book. Conventionally, well-known cities are not followed by state or country names. A publisher located in New York is listed New York not New York, NY and London is listed as London not London, U.K. A company providing support in all kinds of book review writing can be a good source of help when you need a book review. Books related to any discipline and of any kind can be reviewed excellently by following the instructions. If you do not know how to do a book review writing, do not get upset as we are here to help you. So, follow the instructions given below for book review writing: Read the book for which you are going to do book review writing. While reading, summarize all the chapters in your own words. Evaluate the book. Closely look into the writing style of the author, what words he/she uses mostly, how he/she has managed to deliver his/her views regarding the main topic and what theme he/she has followed to write the book. Try to find out the center of the book, the main idea around which the whole text is revolving. Find out the strong and weak aspects of the writer which he/she has shown in his/her writing. Highlight the strong and weak points in your review writing. Try to find out how the writer has justified his/her claims that he/she made in his/her written work. Introduce the text. Conclude in the last. Remember writing book reviews is a small exercise, you should not write a number of pages for it. Try to cut it short. First of all, do the drafting for book review writing, then check it and write it with amendments. Try to keep the review as simple as you can. Moreover, it should be readily understood. If you are still in need of assistance, contact us, and we will resolve all of your problems related to book review writing.

Astronomy 101 - Early History of Astronomy

Astronomy 101 - Early History of Astronomy Astronomy is humanitys oldest science. People have been looking up, trying to explain what they see in the sky probably since the first human-like cave dwellers existed. Theres a famous scene in the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey, where a hominid named Moonwatcher surveys the sky, taking in the sights and pondering what he sees. Its likely that such beings really did exist, trying to make some sense of the cosmos as they saw it. Prehistoric Astronomy Fast forward about 10,000 years to the time of the first civilizations, and the earliest astronomers who already figured out how to use the sky. In some cultures, they were priests, priestesses, and other elites who studied the movement of celestial bodies to determine rituals, celebrations, and planting cycles. With their ability to observe and even forecast celestial events, these people held great power among their societies. This is because the sky remained a mystery to most people, and in many cases, cultures put their deities in the sky. Anyone who could figure out the mysteries of the sky (and the sacred) had to be pretty important.   However, their observations were not exactly scientific. They were more practical, although somewhat used for ritual purposes. In some civilizations, people assumed that that celestial objects and their motions could foretell their own futures. That belief led to the now-discounted practice of astrology, which is more of an entertainment than anything scientific.   The Greeks Lead the Way The ancient Greeks were among the first to start developing theories about what they saw in the sky. Theres much evidence that early Asian societies also relied on the heavens as a sort of calendar. Certainly, navigators and travelers used the positions of the Sun, Moon, and stars to find their way around the planet.   Observations of the Moon suggested that Earth, too, was round. People also believed that Earth was the center of all creation. When coupled with the philosopher Plato’s assertion that the sphere was the perfect geometrical shape, the Earth-centered view of the universe seemed like a natural fit.   Many other early observers believed the heavens were really a giant crystalline bowl arching over Earth. That view gave way to another idea, expounded by astronomer Eudoxus and philosopher Aristotle in the 4th century BCE. They said the Sun, Moon, and planets hung on a set of nesting, concentric spheres surrounding Earth. Nobody could see them, but something was holding up the celestial objects, and invisible nesting balls were as good an explanation as anything else. Although helpful to ancient people trying to make sense of an unknown universe, this model did not help in properly tracking the motions planets, the Moon, or stars as seen from Earths surface. Still, with few refinements, it remained the predominant scientific view of the universe for another six hundred years. The Ptolemaic Revolution in Astronomy In the Second Century BCE, Claudius Ptolemaeus (Ptolemy), a Roman astronomer working in Egypt, added a curious invention of his own to the geocentric model of nesting crystalline balls.   He said that the planets moved in perfect circles made of something, attached to those perfect spheres. All that stuff   rotated around Earth. He called these little circles epicycles and they were an important (if erroneous) assumption. While it was wrong, his theory could, at least, predict the paths of the planets fairly well. Ptolemys view remained the preferred explanation for another fourteen centuries! The Copernican Revolution That all changed in the 16th century, when  Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish astronomer tiring of the cumbersome and imprecise nature of the Ptolemaic model, began working on a theory of his own. He thought there had to be a better way to explain the perceived motions of planets and the Moon in the sky. He theorized that the Sun was at the center of the universe and Earth and other planets revolved around it. Seems simple enough, and very logical. However, this idea conflicted with the Holy Roman churchs idea (which was largely based on the perfection of Ptolemys theory). In fact, his idea caused him some trouble. Thats because, in the Churchs view, humanity and its planet were always and only to be considered the center of all things. The Copernican idea demoted Earth to something the Church didnt want to think about. Since it was the Church and had assumed power over all knowledge, it threw its weight around to get his idea discredited.   But, Copernicus persisted. His model of the universe, while still incorrect, did three main things. It explained the prograde and retrograde motions of the planets. It took Earth out of its spot as the center of the universe. And, it expanded the size of the universe. In a geocentric model, the size of the universe is limited so that it can revolve once every 24 hours, or else the stars would get slung off due to centrifugal force. So, maybe the Church did fear more than a demotion of our place in the universe since a deeper understanding of the universe was changing with Copernicuss ideas.   While it was a major step in the right direction, Copernicus’ theories were still quite cumbersome and imprecise. Yet, he paved the way for further scientific understanding. His book, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies, which was published as he lay on his deathbed, was a key element in the beginning of the Renaissance and the Age of Enlightenment. In those centuries, the scientific nature of astronomy became incredibly important, along with the construction of telescopes to observe the heavens. Those scientists contributed to the rise of astronomy as a specialized science that we know and rely upon today.  Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.